A chain of instability has been created from Pakistan through to the Maghreb. Iraq has a sectarian Shia government, allowing Iran to extend its influence and helping to fuel the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. In Afghanistan the Taliban are back in power. 2Īt both levels, the project failed catastrophically. War on Afghanistan, and Iraq in 2003, was seen as part of a broader process to refashion the global order and undermine potential rivals such as China. However, the deeper strategy informing the neoconservatives surrounding Bush was to use the US’s unrivalled military might to shore up its global hegemony. The aims of the US-led invasion of Afghanistan that year were ostensibly to eradicate Al Qaeda, who launched the 9/11 attacks, and topple the Taliban government harbouring them. 1 The outcome vindicates those on the left who opposed George Bush’s “War on Terrorism”, launched in 2001. As United States personnel scrabbled from their embassy in the Afghan capital of Kabul in August, it marked the climax of a vile 20 year saga.
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